Execute On January 1st at 11 PM Annually

cron expression Standard

$ 0_23_1_1_ *

→

At 11 PM on January 1st, once a year

0_23_1_1_

Minute

Hour

* In a Nutshell

The cron expression 0_23_1_1_ * runs At 11 PM on January 1st, once a year. This specific annual cadence is critical for tasks that must occur precisely once per year, such as renewing software licenses, performing year-end financial audits, or triggering annual compliance reports. Missing this exact window can lead to service disruption, compliance failures, or significant manual rework.

* When to use this

Use 0_23_1_1_ * when a recurring task needs to run At 11 PM on January 1st, once a year. This schedule is commonly associated with certificate renewal and monthly schedules and report generation workloads. It uses Standard (5-Field POSIX) syntax, supported by Unix cron daemons, cloud schedulers such as AWS EventBridge, and container orchestration platforms such as Kubernetes CronJob.

CronBase parses 0_23_1_1_ * using a dialect-aware rules engine that identifies the Standard (5-Field POSIX) format, validates field structure against the Standard (5-Field POSIX) specification, and produces the translation above. Next run times are calculated by forward-scanning from the current UTC clock. Learn how CronBase works.

Platform Implementations

Bash

Prerequisites

Unix/Linux host with a cron daemon running (vixie-cron, cronie, or systemd-cron). The script at /usr/local/bin/run-task.sh must exist and be executable (chmod +x).

Configuration

Run crontab -e to open the crontab editor. Cron reads the server's local timezone; prefix with CRON_TZ=UTC before the expression to pin to UTC. Always redirect output with >> /var/log/cron-tasks.log 2>&1 to capture both stdout and stderr.

Gotchas

Cron jobs inherit a minimal PATH — use full binary paths or set PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin at the top of the crontab. For sub-hourly schedules, add flock -n /tmp/run-task.lock before the command to skip overlapping runs if the previous execution is still running.

bash

# Add to crontab with: crontab -e
0_23_1_1_ * * * * /usr/local/bin/run-task.sh >> /var/log/cron-tasks.log 2>&1

Last verified: April 11, 2026

Nodejs

Prerequisites

Node.js 18+ with node-cron installed (npm install node-cron). Add "type": "module" to package.json to use the import syntax shown above.

Configuration

Pass { timezone: 'UTC' } as the third argument to cron.schedule(). Without this option the schedule uses the Node.js process timezone, which shifts during DST transitions when servers are not pinned to UTC.

Gotchas

node-cron uses standard 5-field cron syntax — not Quartz 6-field. If your job runs longer than the schedule interval the next trigger fires while the previous is still executing. Use a boolean guard or a queue to skip concurrent runs rather than relying on the scheduler to enforce it.

nodejs

import cron from 'node-cron';

cron.schedule('0_23_1_1_ * * * *', async () => {
  console.log('[cron] running at', new Date().toISOString());
  // your task logic here
}, { timezone: 'UTC' });

Last verified: April 11, 2026

Python

Prerequisites

Python 3.8+ with apscheduler installed (pip install apscheduler). For Python 3.12+ use apscheduler>=3.10.

Configuration

CronTrigger.from_crontab() accepts a standard 5-field cron string. Always pass timezone='UTC' to both the BlockingScheduler constructor and the trigger to ensure consistent scheduling regardless of the server's locale.

Gotchas

BlockingScheduler.start() blocks the calling thread indefinitely. For a web application, use BackgroundScheduler instead and call scheduler.start() at application startup. APScheduler logs missed fires if the process is stopped and restarted — configure misfire_grace_time (in seconds) to control how late a missed job is allowed to run.

python

from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler
from apscheduler.triggers.cron import CronTrigger

scheduler = BlockingScheduler(timezone='UTC')

@scheduler.scheduled_job(
    CronTrigger.from_crontab('0_23_1_1_ * * * *', timezone='UTC')
)
def run_task() -> None:
    print('task running')
    # your task logic here

scheduler.start()

Last verified: April 11, 2026

Golang

Prerequisites

Go 1.18+ and github.com/robfig/cron/v3 (go get github.com/robfig/cron/v3).

Configuration

Always create the scheduler with cron.New(cron.WithLocation(time.UTC)). Without WithLocation, the library defaults to the server's local timezone. Call c.Start() to begin the scheduler, then block with select {} to keep the process alive.

Gotchas

robfig/cron v3 uses standard 5-field cron expressions by default. To add second-level precision (6 fields), pass cron.WithSeconds() to cron.New() — but this changes field positions, so never mix syntaxes in the same scheduler. Always check the error returned by c.AddFunc() — a malformed expression is silently ignored without it.

golang

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"

	"github.com/robfig/cron/v3"
)

func main() {
	c := cron.New(cron.WithLocation(time.UTC))
	_, err := c.AddFunc("0_23_1_1_ * * * *", func() {
		fmt.Println("task running at", time.Now().UTC())
		// your task logic here
	})
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	c.Start()
	defer c.Stop()
	select {}
}

Last verified: April 11, 2026

Java

Prerequisites

Spring Boot 2.7+ (or Spring Framework 5.3+) with spring-context on the classpath. Annotate your @SpringBootApplication class with @EnableScheduling — without it, @Scheduled methods are silently ignored.

Configuration

Spring @Scheduled uses a 6-field Quartz-style expression: [sec] [min] [hr] [dom] [mon] [dow]. The expression 0 0_23_1_1_ * * * ? is derived from 0_23_1_1_ * — a leading 0 is prepended for the seconds field, and ? replaces the unconstrained day field.

Gotchas

Standard Unix cron has 5 fields; Spring requires 6. Pasting a 5-field expression directly into @Scheduled shifts every field by one and the job misfires silently. Use ? for either dom or dow — Quartz does not allow both to be *.

java

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ScheduledTask {

    @Scheduled(cron = "0 0_23_1_1_ * * * ?")
    public void runTask() {
        System.out.println("task running at: " + java.time.Instant.now());
        // your task logic here
    }
}

Last verified: April 11, 2026

Kubernetes

Prerequisites

Kubernetes 1.21+ (CronJob API is GA). kubectl configured with cluster access. Container image must be pullable from within the cluster.

Configuration

Apply with kubectl apply -f cronjob.yaml. Check status with kubectl get cronjobs and inspect run history with kubectl get jobs. concurrencyPolicy: Allow is set because this schedule fires infrequently — parallel runs are acceptable.

Gotchas

Without startingDeadlineSeconds, a missed job (e.g., due to cluster downtime) triggers as soon as the controller recovers. Kubernetes 1.25+ supports timeZone: UTC in the spec to avoid timezone ambiguity. Keep successfulJobsHistoryLimit and failedJobsHistoryLimit low to avoid accumulating stale Job objects in the cluster.

kubernetes

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  name: scheduled-task
spec:
  schedule: "0_23_1_1_ * * * *"
  concurrencyPolicy: Allow
  jobTemplate:
    spec:
      template:
        spec:
          restartPolicy: OnFailure
          containers:
          - name: task
            image: alpine:3.19
            command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo 'task running'"]

Last verified: April 11, 2026

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the `0 23 1 1 *` cron expression schedule?

This cron expression is configured to run a task at exactly 11:00 PM on the first day of January, occurring only once every year. It targets a very specific annual event.

How does this schedule handle timezones and Daylight Saving Time changes?

Cron schedules operate based on the system's configured timezone. When Daylight Saving Time adjustments occur, this schedule will run at 11 PM according to the clock time in that specific timezone for January 1st.

How can I verify that this annual job has run successfully?

To verify, check your job's execution logs for a successful run entry precisely at 11 PM on January 1st. You can also implement a notification or status update within the job's output.

Are there any common pitfalls with such a precise annual schedule?

A significant pitfall is forgetting to update the job configuration annually, or failing to account for potential year-boundary rollovers if the system itself has issues. Ensure the task is tested rigorously before the actual execution date.

What is a common variation for annual schedules?

A common variation might be to schedule tasks for the last day of the year or for a specific business day within the first week of January. This allows for tasks to be triggered just before or just after the year rolls over.